Evaluation and Optimization Paths of Design Elements of Underground Building Atria Based on IPA–Kano Model

The interior of an underground atrium is often a combination of multiple design elements. The lack of methodology and quantitative data support makes it impossible for developers and operators to know the public’s preferences for further renovation, which seriously hinders the sustainable development of underground atria. This paper addresses this issue by evaluating the IPA–Kano model for underground atria with three cases selected in the main urban area of Chongqing for comparison. Then, three types of design elements have been identified to have different impacts on underground building atria on the basis of analyzing the relationship between design elements and users’ subjective perceptions of underground building atria. They are the basic, importance, and attraction elements. Finally, the optimization path for underground building atria is determined by integrating the actual performance of these three types of design elements. It is indicated that design elements such as seating, interface, and signage must be prioritized for improvement.

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